Differences in brain structure may distinguish boys with relatively mild features of fragile X syndrome from those with a severe form of the condition.

Drugs that block certain brain enzymes could help treat two conditions associated with autism.

A cannabis gel may ease features of fragile X syndrome, omega fatty acids show promise for autism in two trials, and oxytocin reinforces social behaviors through the brain’s reward pathway.

People with autism aren’t easily surprised, the social camouflage some girls and women with autism use may preclude diagnosis, and autism-related genes are rooted deep in human ancestry.

Manipulating pathways that help silence the X chromosome may help treat Rett syndrome, a condition closely related to autism.

Removing the Rett syndrome gene, MeCP2, from distinct cells and brain regions reveals hidden features of the condition.

Mice missing a gene called PTCHD1 in a deep-seated brain structure have autism-like symptoms that ease with treatment.

Misdiagnosed, misunderstood or missed altogether, many women with autism struggle to get the help they need.

Identifying the factors that protect girls from autism may help us understand and possibly treat the disorder.

Elevated levels of fetal sex steroid hormones such as testosterone may explain many of autism’s unique features.